On Friction, Heat Input, and Material Flow Initiation during Friction Stir Welding: Tool and Process Optimization

The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process depends entirely upon mechanical contact between the tool and workpiece. As a result of this, all phenomena outcomes such as weld geometry properties are governed by FSW’s frictional system. following work characterizes this system with focus on initialization, heat input material flow. For purpose, an experimental program for isolated investigation was carried out. Short-term effects initiation, run-in behavior transitions considered well influences parameters geometry. its analyzed quantitatively qualitatively experiments altering normal pressure, relative velocity, demonstrate self-similar process, including important wear transition which initiates flow, subsequent equilibrium forces, balance, temperatures. interaction welded is described, link interface flow initialization. Based these findings, recommendations provided optimization design.